What condition is characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa?

Gastritis is the condition characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which is the lining of the stomach. This inflammation can occur due to various factors, such as infections (often caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria), excessive alcohol consumption, certain medications (like NSAIDs), and autoimmune disorders. The symptoms of gastritis can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating.

In contrast, dumping syndrome involves rapid gastric emptying and is typically a post-operative complication following gastric surgery. Peptic ulcers are sores that develop on the stomach lining or the first part of the small intestine and are primarily caused by H. pylori infection or the long-term use of NSAIDs. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) results from the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation, but is not primarily characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa itself. Thus, gastritis is the most accurate term to describe the inflammation of the stomach lining.