What condition is characterized by gluten sensitivity and results in malabsorption?

Celiac disease is characterized by an autoimmunological response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In individuals with celiac disease, ingestion of gluten leads to inflammation and damage in the lining of the small intestine. This damage inhibits the absorption of nutrients, resulting in malabsorption which can cause a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies.

The pathophysiology of celiac disease involves the immune system mistakenly attacking the intestinal mucosa when gluten is consumed. Over time, this chronic inflammation can lead to atrophy of the villi, which are responsible for nutrient absorption. As a result, patients with celiac disease often require a strict gluten-free diet to manage their symptoms and prevent further intestinal damage.

Other conditions listed, such as duodenal atresia, pancreatitis, and Crohn's disease, do not specifically involve the immune response to gluten, and while they may also result in malabsorption, they do so through different mechanisms. For example, Crohn's disease can cause inflammation in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to various digestive issues, but it is not solely triggered by gluten.