What do beta cells in the pancreas primarily produce?

Beta cells in the pancreas play a crucial role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, allowing for its utilization as energy or its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissue. This process is vital for maintaining homeostasis in the body, especially after meals when blood sugar levels rise.

The primary function of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas is triggered by increased blood glucose levels, prompting them to secrete insulin. This automatic response helps in lowering blood sugar back to a normal range.

In contrast, other cells within the pancreas perform different functions: alpha cells produce glucagon, which raises blood sugar levels, delta cells secrete somatostatin, which regulates the endocrine system and affects the absorption processes, and acinar cells produce digestive enzymes that aid in digestion. Therefore, understanding the specific role of beta cells emphasizes their importance in glucose metabolism and overall endocrine function.