What is stimulated by G cells in the stomach?

G cells, which are located in the gastric epithelium of the stomach, primarily secrete the hormone gastrin. Gastrin plays a vital role in stimulating several processes related to digestion. Its main functions include promoting the secretion of gastric acid (HCl) from parietal cells and encouraging the growth and proliferation of these cells.

The production of acid is crucial for creating an optimal pH for enzymatic digestion and for defending against pathogens that may enter with food. Additionally, the stimulation of parietal cells by gastrin contributes to the overall increase in gastric acidity when food is ingested. This process is essential for effective digestion and nutrient absorption.

Other answers relate to different types of cells and hormones within the stomach and digestive system. Somatostatin, for example, is secreted by delta cells and inhibits gastrin release, while serotonin is produced by enterochromaffin cells and is more involved in gut motility. Mucus formation is primarily the function of goblet cells and surface mucous cells in the gastric epithelium, providing a protective barrier for the stomach lining against corrosive gastric acid.