What is the main function of the greater omentum?

The greater omentum primarily serves as a protective structure in the abdominal cavity, which is why the function of protecting against infection is accurate. This expansive fold of peritoneum hangs down from the stomach and is rich in immune-related cells, particularly macrophages and lymphocytes, that play a crucial role in the body's defense mechanisms. It can encapsulate infections or inflammatory processes, forming a barrier that helps to prevent the spread of pathogens within the abdominal cavity.

Additionally, the greater omentum can store fat and contribute to insulation and energy reserves. In situations of infection, its movement and response can lead to the formation of adhesions that isolate infected areas, showcasing its protective capacity. By encapsulating and localizing infections, it ultimately works to maintain abdominal health and homeostasis.