What is the primary cause of cirrhosis of the liver?

Cirrhosis of the liver is primarily caused by chronic liver damage that leads to the formation of scar tissue, disrupting the liver's ability to function properly. One of the most significant contributors to liver damage is alcoholism. Chronic and excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to alcoholic liver disease, which includes steatosis (fatty liver), alcoholic hepatitis, and eventually cirrhosis. Over time, the liver cells become increasingly damaged and replaced by fibrous scar tissue, ultimately compromising liver function.

While other factors like viral hepatitis, cholesterol imbalance, and iron overload can also lead to liver damage and cirrhosis, alcohol consumption remains the leading cause in many populations, particularly in Western countries. Chronic exposure to alcohol has a direct and profound effect on liver cell metabolism and regeneration, leading to the typical pathological changes seen in cirrhosis.