Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

The adrenal medulla primarily secretes catecholamines, which include hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). These hormones play a crucial role in the body's fight or flight response, preparing the body for quick action during stressful situations. They increase heart rate, enhance blood flow to muscles, and elevate blood sugar levels, among other physiological effects, facilitating rapid responses to emergencies.

In contrast, the other choices represent different classes of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex rather than the medulla. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, are involved in regulating salt and water balance. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, play a role in glucose metabolism and stress response. Sex hormones, including androgens and estrogens, are also produced in the adrenal cortex and contribute to sexual development and function. Thus, catecholamines are the distinctive hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla, setting them apart from the products of the adrenal cortex.